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In Japan quality control (quality control = QC) or quality assurance (QA = quality assurance) is defined as the development, design, fabrication, and servicing of products that will satisfy the needs of consumers at the Lowest possible cost. Quality control starts with an independent examiner and methods of statistical demonstration soon turned to the method of “self-examination on all units” based on autonomous control against defects in fabrication process itself. Now in Japan, the number of surveillance is less than five percent of the employees of the factory and almost ten percent of all employees of the factory was the supervisor. In Japan, oversight by a special watchdog has been reduced to as little as possible for Several reasons: Trustees Whose activities are outside the fabrication process of conducting operations without value added. In addition, feedback from supervisors on the fabrication process usually takes a lot of time so that parts or defective products continue to

In improvements reduce the number of workers on the line, Toyota eliminate wasted operations, reallocate operations, and reduce labor. Disappearance operation completely useless will result in the reallocation operation among workers in the workplace and a partial reduction of labor. Steps to consider reducing the number of workers with Define time for each worker and revise standard operating routine to get rid of it (reduction). To generate the operating manual repair or compensate for changes in production levels, there are three seal the document that must be considered : 1. The removal operations were futile. When the waiting time for each job being measured, he must stand without doing anything after completing terakhit operations assigned to it. With this, everyone will be able to see that he had time to spare, and there would be fewer obstacles if he is given one or two jobs anymore. 2. Reallocation operation. Reallocation conducted on workers A to E, then the waiting time for

Statistical Quality Control derived from America in the 1930s as the industrial application of control chart designed by Dr. W.A. Shewhart . This chart was introduced in the Japanese industry after World War II , mostly as a result of roving lecture Dr. W.E. Deming in 1950 . Although statistical quality control is still an important technique in Japanese quality control system , this system also has some disadvantages : • In SQC , acceptable quality level ( AQL ) which determine the products that pass but with a minimum acceptable quality , set 0.5 % , or 1.0 % . The rate was not satisfactory from the standpoint of companies that try to achieve very high quality manufacturers , for example : the number of defects by one in a million . For example : the factory Toyota , quality control purposes is reached one hundred percent or units either zero defect numbers . The reason is simple : even Toyota can produce and sell millions of cars , individually , a customer will only buy one . If t

Itself form of a round-U is that the entrance and exit lines are in the same position. Spatial rotation U have some variation of ‘concave shapes and circles. The advantage of using this layout is its flexibility to increase or decrease the number of workers needed if you have to adjust to changes in the reduction of number of employees or the number of production. Timely production pull system can also be achieved in each process, a round shape U allows multiple regions or areas specifically developed for operation workers Spatial Improper Spatial was not right that avoided Toyota divided into three main categories: 1. Spatial birdhouse, spatial form is the simplest requires that the workers assigned on one type of machine. This spatial type is called spatial birdhouse because usually rhombic, rectangular and triangular 2. Spatial remote island, room layout is considered that there is a dual-function workers, and enable product flow continuously and smoothly between the various types o